San Pietro Barisano, originally called St. Peter Veteribus, is the largest cave church of the city of Matera.
Archaeological research has identified the first structure, dating from the twelfth or thirteenth century, under the floor.

With a first intervention of expansion between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries they built the side chapels. These interventions are only the end part of the chapel behind the altar of the second right nave with frescoes of St. Catherine of Alexandria, the Annunciation, Saint Canio, St. Augustine, St. Eustatius and St. Vitus.